Pdf design of solar distillation system researchgate. In active double effect solar still, a higher yield from the lower basin at noon is due to the high water temperature at that time. Basically it comprises an absorber plate where brackish or saline water is placed, a glass cover through which energy transfer takes place, and a metallic frame with a black base to hold the water and glass. Double slope type solar still department of mechanical engineering page 1 maharana institute of technology and sciences gaura, mohanlalganj, lucknow a project report on construction of double slope type solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from uttar pradesh technical.
Distillation is the process of removing salt from water. Distillation treatment and removal of contaminants from. Solar water distillation is the process of using the energy from sunlight to separate freshwater from salts or other contaminants. User can calculate the still performance based on some. Kautilya institute of technology and engineering and school of management, sitapura, jaipur.
Passive solar still in a passive still the distillation takes place purely by direct sun light. Solar water distillation safe drinking water foundation. May 14, 2015 this is a relatively simple treatment for salt water, brackish and much polluted water. However, the amount of distilled water produced per unit area is. The solar distiller should be able to provide a small family with two to four gallons of drinking water per day. Purifying water using passive solar water distillation real. The most common methods of distillation water treatment include solar distillation and multistage flash msf distillation. The energy efficiency of double slope active solar still is higher than the energy efficiency of double slope passive solar still. A pot still is a type of distillation apparatus or still used to distill flavored liquors such as whisky. This box is embedded into another box of wood shown in figure 1. Solar stills purify water through distillation, where pure water is vaporized out of collected dirty water and then condensed. Solar still distiller to convert from salt water to fresh water through evaporation distillation of water homemade water distiller on stove solar still, pi used these to obtain fresh water from salt water see more. Many active distillation systems have been developed to overcome the problem of lower distillate output in passive solar stills. Nov 03, 2009 solar distillation system done by chemical engineers.
The heat causes the water to evaporate, cool, and condense into vapour, leaving the contaminants beh. Exergy analysis of double slope active solar still under forced. Solar water distillation is the process of using energy from the sunlight to separate freshwater from salts or other contaminants. Solar still distillation, glass, waterproof plywood, pvc pipe, black silicon, different ports, water tds meter. Some designs reduce this impact by using earth to construct the main body of the solar still so the overall impact is minimal. Over the past century, literally hundreds of solar still plants and thousands of individual stills have been built around the world. While this equates to roughly 42 usd, the price will make the still unobtainable for many lowincome village households. Thermal modeling and efficiency of solar water distillation. For heating water solar energy can be harnessed by the use of a system of mirrors following the path of the sun to focus the sunlight on sheets of water in a solar still. Solar distillation practical action 3 wick stills in a wick still, the feed water flows slowly through a porous, radiationabsorbing pad the wick. Performance analysis of single slope solar still regil badusha a1 and t v arjunan1 corresponding author. Naval academy, and received smme and ocean engineer degrees from mit, and his phd in mechanical engineering from the naval postgraduate school.
In passive distillation system, the advanced solar stills prove more effective than conventional basin type one especially during winter and rainy seasons. The daily thermal efficiency of solar still varies from. It is a relatively old technology, with the first solar distillation sill put into service in 1872 in chile. Thermal modelling was done for various types of active single slope solar distillation system. Different shapes are their own dimension configuration and specific advantage.
There are several ways to remove saline from sea water, for example evaporation, vaporpressure, and ionexchange membrane method but all of them are not practical for use on a life raft or rescue boat and require big equipments. Proposed model of solar distillation system the base of the solar still is made of. The aim of inclining a still is to increase the solar radiation, by catching it head on, rather than at an angle as with stills which lie flat. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report. There is an important need for pure and clean drinking water in many developing countries as the available water is either brackish or containing harmful bacteria.
Solaqua stills have built upon years of still research and development, use nsf and fda approved materials, and are the state of the art for commercial solar still distillation. Introduction for desired amount of solar radiations to be incident in. The still is over filled each day to flush out sediment. Comparatively more distilled water was obtained from the solar still having an area of 1m2 fabricated in fiber or metal body with glass glazing like single slope. The goal of this project is to create a solar powered water distillation device that achieves maximum efficiency while minimizing manufacturing costs per unit. Solar distillation project american society for engineering. Michael maixner was graduated with distinction from the u.
Solar still distillation systems offer sustainable. But now we research that pyramid shape solar still because of its own special advantages over other shape. Modification and operation of a full solar distillation desalination. Of the above two, single slope solar still is more versatile and efficient than double slope solar still. Abstract the use of single basin solar stills for water distillation has been well demonstrated. They are used in areas where drinking water is unavailable, so that clean water is obtained from dirty water or from plants by exposing them to sunlight.
The single slope and double slope solar stills are the conventional low temperature solar stills, operating at a temperature below 60oc. This qualitative study proves that solar distillation of sea water is a good option for water treatment. A solar still is an apparatus exposed to solar radiation that consists essentially. Solar desalination is particularly wellsuited for backyard exper imentation by individuals with little or no technical training. Solar distillation uses the sun as the primary source of heat. Passive solar water distillation is an inexpensive, lowtech alternative for pure drinking water without bottles, including types of distillers. Pdf distillation is a process that removes filth and contaminants to produce still water from available water. Mostly used in solar distillation of solar still are single slope solar still because of their frequency of easy design factor. It is done by applying a heat source to the water to turn it to vapor, thereby purifying the water. The course content is contained in the following pdf file. Comparatively more distilled water was obtained from the solar still having an area of 1m2 fabricated in fiber or metal body with glass. Solar distillation an overview sciencedirect topics.
Effect of dye on the performance of a double basin solar still. Up to 90% of the input water is recovered as distilled water, ecologically sound and. The untreated water absorbs heat, slowly reaching high temperatures. Distillation is one of many processes that can be used for water purification, and a heating source. The mathematical model of basintype solar distillation systems. The rate of evaporation depends on the intensity of the solar radiations incident on the solar still. Aug 26, 20 solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1.
The course contents covers basics of distillation process, types of distillation, heat transfer in solar still and other alternatives of solar still for desalination of water. Meshal alenazi bader alshumare ali shamsaldeen alkandree mohammed alkhalaf nov. Design and implementation of solar still distillation. Solar distillation based on pyramid shape solar still a. Different designs and parametric study of solar water distillation system pm meena. Solar still and its components a solar still is a simple device which works on the principle of condensation and evaporation of water.
New innovation of low cost solar still 1s h sengar, 1y p khandetod, 1a g mohod abstract different solar stills were developed and evaluated for comparison with other solar stills available in market. Materials and cost materials acquisition a primary objective when designing the solar still was to ensure that all materials and tools necessary. Purifying water using passive solar water distillation. The basic concept of the typical solar still starts with the suns energy going. The still will continue to produce after sundown as the water is still very hot. In this paper, solar water distillation system was fabricated and the above literature survey dealing with the various design of solar water distillation system, various glass thicknesses, tilting angles. First, the wick can be tilted so that the feed water presents a better angle to the sun reducing reflection and presenting a large effective. The still is filled each morning or evening, and the days production is collected at that time. The input of this device would be salt water from coastal regions. A simple solar still assisted by an external solar collector shows increase in fresh water productivity with the increase in solar collector area. Solar distillation is another application which dates back to the nineteenth century and the simplest form of water still now in use is basically unchanged from the early designs which consisted of a shallow tray, filled with salt or brackish water, and covered by a sloping glass cover plate. Different designs and parametric study of solar water.
Solar still is a passive solar distillation process and the only energy source needed is. Solar still uses heat energy as input which is obtained from solar radiations. Proposed model of solar distillation system the base of the solar still is made of g. To do this constantly, as the sun rises and sets, would need. Course content it is expected that after 20 to 25 years from today there is almost no water left that is safe to drink. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single. The updated suns river solar still operated with nighttime recovery of distillate from heated cooling water resulting in regeneration of the next days cooling. In some cases, such as extremely poor quality or salty water, solar stills may be the most practical way to treat the water. Solar stills for desalination of water in rural households.
Elsebaii 8 a triple basin solar still is constructed. Arjun vyas, nitin bodar, design of solar distillation system, vol29, april2011. Solar distillation is a more simple way to make use of solar energy but still requires certain materials to make the stills, such as glass and cement. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. Z kimambo, improved solar still for water purification 2012. During rainy days, the still can be altered for rain water collection if needed. Aug 24, 2014 passive solar water distillation is an inexpensive, lowtech alternative for pure drinking water without bottles, including types of distillers, cost comparisons, going automatic or electric. The most popular solar stills are passive type, in which distillation process occurs within the still through evaporation and condensation 1. Do it yourself make a solar still to purify h20 without electricity or water pressure buydens, sharon on. A solar still distills water with substances dissolved in it by using the heat of the sun to evaporate water so that it may be cooled and collected, thereby purifying it. This is a performance model for solar still distillation by the use of baffles.
Aug 14, 2012 humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. Pdf solar still distillate productivity enhancement by using. There are a number of different types of solar distillation, but these are the ones that i have worked with. Pdf there is almost no water left on earth that is safe to drink without purification after 2025 years from today. The average yield of distilled water obtained by solar desalination was 4 lm2 day. How to make a solar still dont buy plastic jugs of distilled water when you can convert it from undrinkable water with this diy project. All desalination systems, especially those handling seawater or certain wastewaters, must. Drinkable sea water before you scream absurd, let me tell you that i am talking about puri a sea water desalinating bottle. Solar distillation practical action 5 inclined stills. Pdf solar still is one of the oldest and simplest techniques for. The solar still has a shallow black basin to hold the. Desalination, distillation,solar energy, solar still, sea water, efficiency, electrical conductivity, ph.
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